Friday, July 11, 2014

Saxophone Equipment Recommendations

This post provides supplemental information for my presentation at the Florida Bandmasters Summer Professional Development Conference on July 10, 2014.

Recommended Mouthpieces
  • Selmer S-80 C*
  • Selmer S-90 190
  • Selmer Concept
  • Rousseau NC4
Recommended Saxophones

Student Models
  • Selmer 500
  • Yamaha 26 (23)
Step-Up Models
  • Selmer Model 42**
  • Yamaha 480 (475)
  • Yamaha 62-II (52)
Professional Models (new)
  • Selmer Super Action 80 Series II
  • Selmer Reference 54
  • Yamaha 875-EX (with a V1 neck)
Used Professional Models
  • Selmer Super Action 80 “Series I”
  • Selmer Mark VI
  • Selmer Balanced Action
  • Yamaha 62 (52)

Saturday, September 28, 2013

Business Tips and Tax Strategies for the Independent Music Teacher

This post provides resource links for my presentation entitled Establishing a Private Teaching Studio: Business Tips and Tax Strategies for the Independent Music Teacher, most recently presented on September 28, 2013 at the Florida Collegiate NAfME State Conference in Lakeland, Florida.

Growing Your Business

Advertising
    – Print, Social Media, Online advertising
    – Web site
    – Brochure, Business cards
Music stores
    – Get to know the owners, buy reeds, music
    – Eventually you will want them to stock music for your students
Offer free clinics to schools
Offer incentives to current students for referrals
Perform, network
    – Play in a local concert series or library
    – Play in churches, get to know music directors
    – Make contact with school music directors
    – Perform in the Community Band/Orchestra/Chorus

Business Model

Sole proprietorship.  One owner--you.
Business name = Your name.  You can register a dba with your local government if you want to operate under an assumed name ("Bob's 39th Street Music Academy").  Most people just use their own name.
Cash accounting
Fiscal year (calendar year)
No inventory
• All investment is “At risk”

The above items are all called for on the various tax forms.  Choose these options unless you have a compelling reason to make another choice.  The listed options are the correct ones for a service business like music teaching and performing.

Deductions and where to declare them

Schedule C

• Advertising: print ads, web sites, business cards, brochure design/printing
• Car expenses: mileage, tolls
• Depreciation: instruments
• Insurance: instrument
• Legal and Professional Services: collaborative musicians, accountants
• Office expense: paper, pens, tape, envelopes, printer toner…
• Repairs: instrument, computer
• Supplies: Music, reeds, strings, valve oil, rosin, books, tools, tuners, CDs, music downloads...
• Travel: hotel, meals, entertainment expenses
• Other:
    – Concert tickets
    – Association dues (MTNA, NAfME, CMS, NACWPI, NASA, ITG, IHS, NFA...)

    Union dues
    – Postage

    – Costumes
    – Computers (restrictions apply)
    – (Phone--must be able to show proof of percentage of business use--phone numbers/minutes)

    –  Web hosting fees, domain name registration (but not Internet service provider costs)
• Use of room in your home
    – Exclusive use
    – Percentage of rent, utilities


You do not have to teach in your home for an office space to be deductible.  It just has to be a dedicated room.  One huge advantage of a home office: all your driving to other teaching/performing locations is tax deductible.  Without a home office, you cannot deduct the trips to and from home (commuting miles).

Form 1040 - Adjustments to Income

• Qualified Performing artist expenses
• Moving expenses
• Percentage of the Self-Employment tax
• Retirement contributions (SEP, SIMPLE, etc.)
• Health insurance
• IRA
• Student loan interest
• Tuition, fees

Form 1040 - Other credits

Standard deduction
Exemption
Education Credits 

Deductions reduce your tax liability considerably--up to 28% of the cost of items deducted.  So $4000 in deductions could save you over $1000.  Another way of thinking about this: you get a 23 or 28 percent discount on any music-related item you buy!  Keep careful records of your expenses and you can save thousands of dollars per year.
 

Tax forms you will need to file

Form 1040 - basic tax return form***
Schedule C - to report self-employed income
Schedule SE  - to pay the employer's portion of Social Security and Medicare taxes**
Form 8829 - if you claim a home office deduction
Form 4562 - if you claim a deduction for an instrument or computer
Form 1040-ES - for paying quarterly estimated taxes

** Note: if your taxable SE income (after deductions) is under $400 you are not required to pay SE tax. However, it will benefit you to declare enough income to pay some self-employment tax each year.  Your eligibility for Social Security benefits is based on the number of years you have been paying into to it, as well as your total salary.  A small tax payment now will earn you a year of eligibility and can be very valuable when you retire. (If you contribute to Social Security and Medicare through deductions from another job, you won't need to worry about this,)

 *** Negative income (declaring more deductions than you have in income) can offset income from another job.  However, if you continually declare a loss from your self-employed business, the IRS may decide that this is just a hobby and disallow all of your deductions.
 

IRS Publications for small business

Self-Employed Individuals Tax Center
    http://www.irs.gov/Individuals/Self-Employed
Tax Guide for Small Business 
    http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p334.pdf
Starting a Business and Keeping Records 

    http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p583.pdf
IRS Tax Calendar for Small Businesses and Self-Employed 

    http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p1518.pdf
Business Use of Your Home 

    http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p587.pdf
Retirement Plans for Small Business 

    http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p560.pdf
SEP Retirement Plans for Small Businesses 

    http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p4333.pdf
Instructions for Schedule C (Form 1040), Profit or Loss From Business (Sole Proprietorship)  
 
    http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/i1040sc.pdf
Business Expenses 

    http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p535.pdf
Miscellaneous Deductions 

    http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p529.pdf
How to Depreciate Property 

    http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p946.pdf
Depreciation and Amortization 

    http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/i4562.pdf  
Information on Schedule C income and Schedule SE tax
    click here to link   
Information on Estimated Tax payments
    http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f1040es.pdf 

Other Resources

"Establishing a Private Studio"  New England Conservatory Career Services Center
http://necmusic.edu/pdf/careerservices/Career_Services_Establishing_A_Private_Teaching_Studio.pdf

Music Teachers Helper, Teachers' Blog
(Studio management software site.  The blog is good.  I don't know anything about the software.)
http://www.musicteachershelper.com/blog/

Sample Registration form / Studio policy / Fee schedule
http://www.happymusicstudio.com/pdfs/Private_Registration_Form.pdf

 McKnight, Michael. Exploring the Private Music Studio: Problems Faced by Teachers in Attempting to Quantify the Success of Teaching Theory in Private Lessons through One Method as Opposed to Another. Master's Thesis. University of North Texas, 2006.
http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5356/

Tips from Piano Teachers
http://www.mtna.org/member-resources/teaching-tips/studio-operations/

MTNA 
    http://mtna.org/

Internal Revenue Service 

    http://www.irs.gov/
 
Small Business Administration 

    http://www.sba.gov/




Tuesday, July 17, 2012

Ibert Factoid


At dinner in St, Andrews, Scotland earlier this week, Jean-Marie Londeix related an interesting story about the Ibert - Concertino da Camera, probably the most famous saxophone concerto.

Jean-Marie Londeix used to practice and sight-read music with his sister on piano.  One day they were playing the Ibert Concertino and M. Londeix's sister mentioned that he was playing a wrong note.  He was playing an F-natural (as notated in the score of the earlier editions, mm. 2 and 4 in the excerpt above) and his sister pointed out that it should be an F-flat.  Later that week he played the piece in his lesson for Marcel Mule.  M. Mule insisted that it should be an F-natural, as in the part.  After some discussion, Mule said he'd ask the composer.  Jacques Ibert cleared up the misunderstanding and reaffirmed Londeix's sister's observation.  From then on, Marcel Mule also played the F-flat.

Daniel Deffayet and Jean-Marie Londeix collaborated on the corrections to the part that is being published today.  They fixed some inconsistencies (wrong notes) in the saxophone part, and they added Marcel Mule's articulations. The articulations as published in the earlier part were those of Sigurd Rascher.  The articulations that were originally written by Jacques Ibert were published in the original 1935 part, and are still in the orchestral score as published today.  Ibert did not call for ANY articulated scales in the entire piece.


Saturday, July 7, 2012

World Saxophone Congress XVI

Here is more information on the pieces I will be performing at the World Saxophone Congress this week:
________________________________________

Wednesday, July 11, 2012. 3:00 pm
All Saints Church
St. Andrews, Scotland

The Onyx Saxophone Quartet
Jonathan Helton, soprano saxophone
Michael Bovenzi, alto saxophone
Joseph Tomasso, tenor saxophone
Don-Paul Kahl, baritone saxophone

Jonathan Elliott
Quartet for Saxophones (2010)
   Wheel
   Organum
   Prayer
   Calliope

PBP Music


Georgy Ligeti
Sechs Bagatellen
   Allegro con spirito
   Rubato, Lementoso
   Allegro, grazioso
   Presto ruvido
   Adagio, mesto (Bela Bartok, in memorium)
   Moto vivace, capriccioso

Schott
Adapted to conform more to the original piano work:  
Musica Ricercata (1951-1953)

________________________________________


Thursday, July 12, 2012, 2:00 pm
San Salvador's Chapel
St. Andrews, Scotland

The Florida Chamber Saxophonists

Sarah Hersh
Four for Two (2012) World Premiere
   Jonathan Helton
   Michael Bovenzi

Not published
sarahlhersh@gmail.com
 
 
William Albright
Doo-Dah (1977)
   Jonathan Helton
   Michael Bovenzi
   Geoffrey Deibel

Dorn Publications


Friday, July 6, 2012

Saxophone and Cello

I’ve been performing with cellists since 2002. It all started for me when I bought Edison Denisov’s Sonata for saxophone and cello and went to look for someone to play it with me.  My current collaboration is with Steven Thomas, my colleague here at the University of Florida.  We’ve been playing together since 2008 and have performed for audiences in the United States, Canada, China, Japan, and France.  Watch for our newly recorded CD, Music for Saxophone and Cello, to be released by Centaur in early 2012.  Performing with cello has been a lot of fun. 

Now, saxophone and cello may seem like a rather unexpected instrumental combination.  Okay, it is an unexpected instrumental combination.  But, hey, we didn’t make this up.  Jean-Marie Londeix’s indispensable  Repertoire Universel de Musique pour Saxophone 1844-2003 lists thirty-eight original works for saxophone and cello duo written between 1965 and 2002. Others have been written since and we premiered another new one just a couple of weeks ago.

I find that the saxophone and cello can blend surprisingly well.  Truthfully, I am amazed at some of the sounds we make together.  To get an idea, you can hear a couple short audio excerpts on our web site at: http://heltonthomasduo.com/

Steven Thomas and I have rehearsed together a LOT.  In my many years of playing chamber music I have found that with certain people ensemble playing and musical expression seem to just “click.”  Steven and I have this together.  Our musical ideas and sensitivity to the expressive needs of a particular piece tend to be very complimentary.  It is very nice to be in agreement, or to find that we have the same types of questions for a composer.  Also, it did not take us much time to learn to play together, with good ensemble.  The sound clips on our web site are taken from our very first concert together.  I am really thankful that Steven is willing to put in so much hard work to learn this repertoire.  Cellists have so much other great music they can be performing!

Several of the pieces in our repertoire have been with us since the beginning.  We have performed Edison Denisov’s Sonata for saxophone and cello(and a few other pieces) over 20 times. Living with music for several years, performing a lot, rehearsing and traveling together all make for an ensemble experience of significant depth and maturity.  Every time we come back to familiar music we are surprised at how well it goes together.  It’s like putting on a comfortable set of clothes; it just feels right.

We continue to add new music to our repertoire.  New music helps us grow as we face new challenges both technical and musical.  It also allows us to play return engagements at places that request it!  We’ve enjoyed performing a wide variety of pieces and, in many cases, working with the composers who created them.

Tuesday, November 8, 2011

Working with Composers: Jonathan Elliott

Sometimes you just get lucky. 

One day I received a phone call from composer Jonathan Elliott.  He had heard a recording of the Master’s Degree recital that I had performed at Northwestern University and he wanted to write me a piece.  What do you say when a composer asks if he can write you a piece?  I was thrilled. 

Jonathan, a doctoral student at the University of Chicago at the time, wanted to write a work for soprano saxophone and piano. Back then, I didn’t have a very useful soprano.  I managed to talk him into writing an alto piece by telling him the alto had this great altissimo range.  I was working on John Anthony Lennon’s Distances Within Me at the time and truly believed that altissimo should be used, as Lennon seems to have done, without regard for the fact that it can be difficult.  So I told Elliott that the range of the alto went to the altissimo F.  I gave no other qualifications.  He decided to write the piece for alto because he wanted to “use some of those low notes.”

Some time later, the piece arrived in my mailbox.  Epiphanyfor alto saxophone and piano by Jonathan Elliott. Probably half of the piece was in the altissimo. I spent a year learning it.  It became my altissimo etude book.  Every day I spent lots of time playing the convoluted passages, large intervals and tremolos he had written above the ‘normal’ range of the instrument.  Needless to say, it really got my altissimo chops in shape.

Epiphany, as the composer states, is a piece written for two virtuosos. Yes, the saxophone part is crazy difficult; but the piano part is insane!  I performed the piece in Chicago a couple of times—once at the University of Chicago, and once at the New Music Chicago festival.  The piece subsequently won an BMI composers award.  It is a very powerful piece of music.

I picked the piece up again to perform at the 1998 Biennial Conference of the North American Saxophone Alliance that I hosted on the campus of Northwestern University. My goal in choosing music to perform for other saxophonists, is to share new or neglected music that I’d like other people to hear and want to perform themselves.  I had hoped that my colleagues would get to know this amazing piece of music and choose to add it to their repertoire.  I was surprised by the reaction to Epiphany.  Many people praised the work, but seemed too terrified to take on such a difficult piece.

A few years later, the composer did remove much of the altissimo from the piece when other saxophonists suggested it was unplayable as written. I still hear it in the higher range, and think it is more successful that way.  If you want to work on the piece, contact me and I can let you know how to convert your score back to the original version.


In 1999 I received a grant to explore the composer-performer relationship. With this funding I was able to commission a new piece and travel to the World Saxophone Congress in Montreal for the premiere performance. Reflecting on the reactions at the 1998 NASA conference, I asked Jonathan Elliott to write an easier piece.  My hope was that saxophonists would hear this piece and want to play it.  Jonathan had moved to New York by this time and was reconsidering his compositional style.  No one in New York would spend a year learning your music. So this project seemed to come at a good time.

The result of this collaboration was Jonathan Elliott’s  Odd Preludes, for saxophone and piano. I premiered the work at the WSC in 2000.  You can hear it on my recently-released album on the Centaur label, American Music for Saxophone and Piano.

Elliott wrote Field Music: Ash for me in 2005 after I asked him for a work for saxophone and cello. He decided to use the opportunity to revisit and work through his feelings regarding the 9/11 terrorist attacks of 2001.  He lives in Brooklyn Heights, quite close to the World Trade Center.  He witnessed the event up close which had a profound effect on him (and this piece).  Elliott lost some friends on that day and the creation of this work became part of his grieving process. When he finally sent me the score, he admitted that writing it was one of the most difficult things he had ever done.

Performances of this incredibly moving work are always met with a strong emotional outpouring from the audience. At one concert in Shanghai, China we were overwhelmed by the audience response.  They stood, they clapped, they cheered, they cried.  Unbeknownst to us, our concert had been scheduled on the second anniversary of a Chinese national tragedy (the Great Sichuan Earthquake of 2008).  Field Music: Ash, written in response to an American national tragedy, touched the hearts of the Chinese people that night in Shanghai.

You can hear Field Music: Ash on my new CD, Music for Saxophone and Cello, to be released in early 2012 on the Centaur label.
 
Works for saxophone by Jonathan Elliott:
Epiphany (1986), alto saxophone and piano
Six Motions (1992), alto saxophone and piano (originally, cl/pno)
Revolve, Seven Views (1994), alto saxophone and piano
Odd Preludes (2000), alto saxophone and piano
Friss (2001), alto saxophone and guitar (originally, fl/gtr)
Saxophone Quartet (2010)
Work in progress for saxophone ensemble (2012)

Should you be interested in performing some of Elliott's music, you can find him at:
http://www.jonathanelliott.net/
je@jonathanelliott.net

Thursday, October 20, 2011

Programming for the Web

As a graduate student in the late 80s, I became one of the first beta test users of the Northwestern University email/Internet system.  (my email address was: jah@nwu.edu)   Things were different then.  The Internet consisted of just a few locations, delivered as plain text to terminals with a connection.  The only half-way interesting thing (the only thing, really) I can remember from those times were the newsgroups—forums where topics from sports, computers—especially computers-- and many other interests could be discussed.  Over the next few years, some of my friends at universities around the country obtained email and long-distance, almost instantaneous, email communication became possible.   Before long, the Internet went graphical.  It was quickly populated with thousands of commercial sites.  In fact, there was so little content of interest online, I dismissed it as just a big advertising venture.  It was easy to ignore.   A few yeas later, in the early 90s, I began a hobby of writing web sites using the HTML programming language.  I never did anything serious with this until 2005 when I created the University of Florida Saxophone Studio web site.  This site is based on a template provided by the university that I highly customized by editing the HTML code.  I continue to maintain this site by editing the HTML.  http://www.arts.ufl.edu/music/saxophone/
 
Since then, I’ve read a lot more on HTML, XHML, CSS, web design, information architecture, etc., and I've created a few more web sites:

► An individual account at UF which serves as an index to my various professional pursuits, and hosts some documents for the Executive Committee of the North American Saxophone Alliance.  http://plaza.ufl.edu/jhelton/

► A site for my duo, http://plaza.ufl.edu/jhelton/saxcello/  This site has proven very useful for marketing the duo for concerts and tours worldwide.  I created this site from a generic template for a two-column page layout. This took a bit more work than my earlier sites since this template was very basic and included no content or placeholders.


► The Onyx Saxophone Quartet site: http://plaza.ufl.edu/jhelton/onyx/index.html  This was the first site I composed entirely from scratch.   I now see a lot of room for improvement here, but am not sure when I'll find the time to get back to it.  I spent a lot of time making the graphic buttons and header image.

► Recently, I created http://www.jonathanhelton.com.  This site was created on the Blogger Blog site using their content management system.  It is easy to set up, customize and run a blog at blogger.com, but it took a lot of work to edit it so it looks and acts like a “normal” web site.

► I’ve also created a new site for the Duo at:  http://heltonthomasduo.blogspot.com/  Another adapted blog site.

Original duo site.
New duo site.
Last week’s project was to re-create my personal site (jonathanhelton.com) for use on another web server.  The blogger-based site is rather complicated.  It has all the code in one file and uses a number of convoluted if/then statements, javascript, etc. to display the different “pages.”  Plus, there’s all that blog code that I don’t need for my site.  The design is pretty straightforward, so I thought I could clone it by writing code from scratch.  After a bit more research and several hours of trial and error, I think I’ve succeeded.  Take a look at my clone site at: http://plaza.ufl.edu/jhelton/jh/index.html
 
The tricky parts were:
► The navigation buttons.  Emulating the look and function of those on the blogger site took some work.  I knew the basic CSS technique of creating navigation buttons from an unordered list, but getting everything to line up, getting the entire “button” to change colors when you hover the mouse over it, making the entire box clickable, hiding the dotted outline that appears around the link when you return to a page, making the borders look good, matching, colors, etc. all took some time.

►Aligning the CD images on the discography page with the associated text also took a few minutes to figure out. The text and the images all wanted to behave their own way.  A few CSS class designations later, and now it works great!

The rest of the design was pretty straightforward.  It was a good XHTML/CSS project.  I gained a much better understanding of how to position and format things with CSS, creating a clean, useful, and standards-based, web site.